CR2-S04 · Publicamos soluciones en la web · Learn

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Computing and Robotics · 2.º ESO · Learn

Publishing solutions on the web

A website communicates a project by organising ideas, making information findable and responding clearly. You will distinguish structure, presentation and behaviour and distribute your work with the intended permissions.

8 planned lessonsCR2-S04
Understand the idea. Design, test and explain your solution.

Your mission

Create an interactive website about a course project with three sections, basic HTML and CSS, navigation, credits and a guided interaction. The form or questionnaire is simulated and sends no data. Distribute the folder in the school’s restricted environment.

Original illustration of students planning and testing a computing project.
Ilustración original de apoyo visual · Sintaxis Divergente, 2026.

Read the explanation, study the diagram and try the activity in each section. You can choose another version at any time.

Your tools

Use Google Docs for written explanations and diagrams.net for diagrams. Save the editable file as well as the evidence requested in each task.

4.1. How a page reaches the browser

Learn · theory and practice

The browser interprets files and presents an interactive page. HTML expresses structure and content, CSS describes presentation and JavaScript can respond to events. The editor modifies those files; the browser displays their interpretation. Saving and reloading are different steps: without saving, a reload may show the previous version. A search engine locates resources, but it is not the program executing our local page’s questionnaire.

In a served website, a client requests resources from a server. Our exercise can also open files from a folder while preserving their relationships. Service functions do not all behave identically from a local file, so use the classroom’s prepared preview environment. Publishing means making resources available to an audience and configuring access; saving alone does not do that. The mission uses restricted distribution. Distinguishing file, browser, server and search engine helps explain access failures without blaming every issue on code or Internet connection.

  1. Saved file
  2. Opened or requested resource
  3. Browser interpretation
  4. Presented page
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

A pair edits the title, but the browser tab still displays the old text. Before rewriting HTML, they check the opened file, saving and reloading. Another tab held a project copy. The symptom does not prove the browser ignores tags: it may mean a different resource is being observed. Identifying the location clarifies which version is being tested.

Your turn

  1. In diagrams.net, draw editor, files, browser and practice server if present.
  2. Open the template in VS Code for the Web or the classroom HTML editor and change a heading.
  3. Save, reload in the browser and record in Google Docs how you identified the correct file.
Pause and check

How does saving a file differ from publishing it for the group?

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4.2. A structure that supports reading

Learn · theory and practice

HTML organises content through elements that express its meaning. A heading indicates hierarchy: it identifies the topic that begins and how it relates to the others, beyond its appearance. Our website has a main heading and three coherent sections covering purpose, operation and tests. Navigation offers descriptive links to reach them. Visible text guides the reader, while href specifies the destination: #pruebas needs an element with id pruebas. Changing the link’s words does not automatically change that reference. This organisation also supports navigation with assistive technologies.

Resources in other files need equally clear location relationships. The path imagenes/esquema.png looks for esquema.png in the imagenes subfolder relative to the current document. A personal absolute path may depend on a location on one particular computer. Preserving structure, names and letter case when copying the project maintains relationships between documents and resources. Opening the copied folder therefore provides a different check from viewing the version that already worked in its original location.

The structure must also make images’ contributions understandable. An informative image needs an alternative conveying its meaning in context; decoration can have an empty alternative. A complex diagram additionally needs text explaining its relationships. Saying only ‘image’ or repeating the filename does not provide that information. Checking navigation and understanding from the copied folder reviews both technical destinations and the explanations the reader finds.

  1. Descriptive link
  2. href or path
  3. Identified destination
  4. Structured content
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

A link says ‘View trials’ but points to #pruebas. The section is visibly titled ‘Results’ and retains id pruebas. It works because destination and identifier match despite different visible wording. Changing only the id breaks that relationship. This distinguishes meaning for the reader from the reference used by the browser, both requiring review.

Text editor showing web code.
Una página web puede combinar estructura y comportamiento. Foto de Martin Vorel / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0; versión a menor tamaño.

CURSO de HTML CSS y JavaScript: PRINCIPIANTES desde CERO

Published by: Domini Code · Open on YouTube

Watch in short sections. Connect one explanation with the diagram and try the example in this section. The written theory lets you complete the activity without playing the video.

The video keeps its original spoken language. Use the captions available in the player if they help.

Your turn

  1. In diagrams.net, organise the three sections and their links.
  2. In the HTML editor, create headings, ids and navigation with matching destinations.
  3. Add an original image with an appropriate alternative and check the copied folder in the browser.
Pause and check

What changes when editing visible link text, and what changes when editing href?

↑ Back to the index

4.3. Consistent presentation with CSS

Learn · theory and practice

CSS applies presentation rules to selected elements. A rule contains a selector and property-value declarations. A type selector can affect all paragraphs; a class groups elements sharing a visual role. Keeping styles in a separate file supports reuse and reviewing changes without altering content. HTML must link that file correctly for styles to apply. Missing styling may result from a wrong path rather than a poorly chosen property.

Readability depends on contrast, line length, spacing and text enlargement. A maximum width limits excessive lines; an image with a relative maximum width and automatic height can adapt without distortion. Several columns may need rearranging in a narrow window. Relative measurements respond to context; fixing every dimension in pixels can hinder adaptation. Check reading, keyboard use and enlargement in concrete tasks without claiming a few rules guarantee all accessibility. If content is clipped, review its container and layout before shrinking text to make it fit.

  1. Selector
  2. Property and value
  3. Presentation
  4. Different-size test
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

A fixed-width card clips text when the window narrows. Shrinking the font would hide the symptom while making reading harder. The team tries an adaptable width while retaining inner spacing, then enlarges text to check the result. This shows that appearance and usability connect but must be observed beyond the initial screen conditions.

Curso HTML y CSS 2026 🔥 | #4 Primeros Pasos con CSS: Colores, Fuentes y Estilos

Published by: El código Lab de Sebas · Open on YouTube

Watch in short sections. Connect one explanation with the diagram and try the example in this section. The written theory lets you complete the activity without playing the video.

The video keeps its original spoken language. Use the captions available in the player if they help.

Your turn

  1. In the HTML editor, link a CSS file and create a type rule and a class rule.
  2. In the browser, check narrow window, enlarged text and proportional images.
  3. In Google Docs, record a property change and its before-and-after effect.
Pause and check

Why does shrinking text not necessarily solve an overflowing layout?

↑ Back to the index

4.4. A small but complete interaction

Learn · theory and practice

An interaction connects what a person does with a response from the page. In the local questionnaire, HTML defines a selector, a button and a result area. JavaScript connects these elements through an event: pressing the button runs a handler that reads the current selection. The timing of that reading matters. If the option were stored only when the page loaded, changing the selector later would not update that data, and the response could correspond to an earlier choice.

The decision can be organised in a function that receives the option and returns a message. This return supplies a value; a separate step presents it on screen using textContent, which writes the result as text. Separating these steps clarifies which part decides and which displays. The logic covers Sensor, Actuator, Controller and the empty option, with a general branch offering guidance for an invalid choice. In comparisons, === expresses strict equality; = assigns a value, and braces delimit instruction blocks.

This response takes place within the local exercise and does not require sending data. A button of type button activates the handler without submitting the form. If the template uses submit, its default submission must be prevented using preventDefault and that behaviour checked. A visible label associated with the selector explains what is being chosen. Messages develop the relevant conceptual relationship rather than merely saying ‘correct’, so the response also supports learning.

  1. Button event
  2. Current selection
  3. Decision function
  4. Result text
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

An exercise offers ‘sound input’ and ‘light signal’. A function chooses the explanation and the button handler places it in the result area. Changing the choice requires reading the new value. With no choice, ask for a selection. This checks the event path without supplying the full solution to the questionnaire you will submit.

Your turn

  1. In the editor, create a labelled selector, non-submitting button and result area.
  2. Using classroom guided code, connect event, current reading, function and textContent.
  3. In the browser, test the three options and empty choice and record results in Google Docs.
Pause and check

What would happen if selection were read on loading rather than on pressing?

↑ Back to the index

4.5. Sources, licences and permissions

Learn · theory and practice

A source informs; a licence or permission determines authorised uses of a work. These questions are related but distinct. To justify project behaviour, consult technical documentation and record author, title, link, date and use in your explanation. To include external images or code, locate the original work and check its conditions. A search result grants no permission and does not replace the exact link. Attribution does not turn a prohibited use into an authorised one.

Licences have different conditions. BY requires attribution; SA may require sharing an adaptation under the same or a compatible licence; NC restricts use to noncommercial purposes; ND does not permit sharing adaptations under that permission. Check the specific licence before modifying or distributing resources and distinguish your contributions from others’. Original material may also reveal other people’s data: screenshots need privacy review even without authorship issues. Reader permission in shared storage determines audience and editing, not image rights. Keep a record allowing these three questions to be reviewed separately.

  1. Identified resource
  2. Compatible permission
  3. Use and changes
  4. Verifiable credit
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

A team finds a useful drawing permitted for unchanged distribution but wants to alter its labels. Attribution recognises the creator but does not resolve adaptation permission. They can find a compatible work or draw their own diagram. They must also check that screenshots reveal no personal names. Usage rights and privacy require separate decisions even inside restricted storage.

Video tutorial 1: Las licencias Creative Commons – parte 1 – Facultad de Humanidades, USAC

Published by: Departamento de Educación Virtual FAHUSAC · Open on YouTube

Watch in short sections. Connect one explanation with the diagram and try the example in this section. The written theory lets you complete the activity without playing the video.

The video keeps its original spoken language. Use the captions available in the player if they help.

Your turn

  1. In Google Docs, create a record per resource with author, origin, licence, use and changes.
  2. Consult the official conditions of each resource’s licence before including it.
  3. In the browser, review screenshots and the simulated-form message before sharing the folder.
Pause and check

Why does restricted storage not automatically resolve licensing and privacy?

↑ Back to the index

4.6. Debug navigation and behaviour

Learn · theory and practice

Debugging means reproducing a fault, proposing a cause, changing the relevant part and repeating the test. A missing image suggests a path or file issue; a broken internal link suggests href and id; an unresponsive button suggests program loading or handler issues. The browser console helps find technical errors, but incorrect answers may run without warnings. Always compare results with defined behaviour rather than merely the absence of error messages.

Prepare tests for every link, option and empty input. Copy the whole folder elsewhere and open it there to detect personal dependencies. Also check keyboard access, narrow windows and text enlargement. In the school’s restricted distribution, review who can view and edit using a practice account or teacher assistance. ‘Anyone with the link’ may broaden the audience and is not equivalent to the authorised group. Keep source files for correction and record before and after so the verified improvement and remaining work can be recognised.

  1. Reproduced symptom
  2. Layer hypothesis
  3. Localised change
  4. Repeated test
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

The questionnaire always gives the same answer and the console reports no errors. The team notices that the function compares a fixed word rather than the current selection. The code runs but contradicts the design. An options table reproduces the problem, supports repairing that reading and retesting branches. Changing colours would reveal nothing about the cause or demonstrate corrected behaviour.

Your turn

  1. In an editor copy, introduce a path fault or inspect a real one and reproduce the symptom in the browser.
  2. In Google Docs, record cause, change and retest.
  3. Copy the folder, test navigation and interaction and check authorised reader access in the school service.
Pause and check

Can an interaction be wrong even if the console shows no errors?

↑ Back to the index

4.7. Laboratory, project and two assignments

Learn · theory and practice

A web project brings together content and related files. Structure expresses what is explained; style supports navigation; interaction checks a choice and provides information. These layers cooperate but do not replace each other. A test section describes conditions, results and limitations of the original project rather than only photographs of success. Images provide visual support while text interprets what was verified. The final folder must preserve resources and paths in recognisable organisation.

A01 includes audience, map, sources, planned interaction and an executed micro-website. It also documents a repaired fault and a draft shared with reader role in the authorised environment. A02 adds the three complete sections, functional interaction, exported-folder tests, credits and an improvement. Each partner explains a layer and a resolved error with a personal decision. Short practices reuse the same website without creating extra assignments. Before distribution, another pair follows the route without initial help: this reveals messages or destinations that the authors had assumed were obvious.

  1. Project content
  2. Three web layers
  3. User route
  4. Observed difficulty
  5. Verified improvement
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

A robot website links to ‘How we checked it’, but the destination contains only a photograph. Navigation works; information needed to interpret the test is missing. The team adds conditions, result and limitation, then asks another pair to explain what was demonstrated. This improves content and understanding without requiring JavaScript repair or a new section.

Your turn

  1. In Google Docs, check that purpose, operation and tests explain project relationships.
  2. In the editor, integrate HTML, CSS and interaction within the same folder.
  3. In the browser, ask another pair to follow a route and use a difficulty to improve content or navigation.
Pause and check

How does a working link differ from a destination that answers the user’s question?

↑ Back to the index

4.8. Explore further at your own pace

Learn · theory and practice

MDN references explain links, styling and events through examples that can be investigated in parts. W3C tutorials support choosing headings, labels and alternatives by function. You do not need an extensive course to resolve a small question: first state the observed behaviour and what you want to understand. An external example may use different folders or element names. Adaptation requires relating those references to your project rather than copying only visible code.

Transfer means anticipating changes when extending an interaction or moving a website. Adding an option requires reviewing HTML content, decision, message and tests; placing the folder elsewhere requires reviewing paths from each document. A visual improvement requires repeating reading conditions. Optional resources and videos can be consulted with pauses and written support. In Google Docs, record the question, consulted link and how adaptation was verified. Internal checking implies neither accessibility certification nor public publication: communicate precisely which routes, sizes and permissions were reviewed in the school environment.

  1. Specific question
  2. Technical reference
  3. Relationship adaptation
  4. Change test
Original diagram · Sintaxis Divergente

A worked example

A guide adds a selector option. The team updates HTML but forgets the function and test table. The option appears but always returns the general message. Layer-by-layer review reveals missing parts. Documentation then explains the value-to-decision relationship without confusing copying an example with verifying its adaptation.

Your turn

  1. Consult one MDN and one W3C reference for a specific website question.
  2. In Google Docs, record question, source and completed check.
  3. In diagrams.net, anticipate affected parts when adding an option or moving the folder.
Pause and check

Which parts besides HTML need review when adding an interactive option?

↑ Back to the index

Your project and submissions

A01 · Design the solution

  1. Create CR2-S04_web_A01_Apellidos in Google Docs with audience, purpose and requirements.
  2. In diagrams.net, draw the three-section map and interaction route.
  3. Select sources and images with compatible permission; document author, origin, licence and changes.
  4. In the editor, build a micro-website with executed HTML, CSS and selector or button; repair a controlled fault and retest.
  5. Share the draft with reader role in the authorised space and verify access and minimal data with the teacher; add planned tests and individual contribution.

What to submit

  • Dossier with map, planned content and resource records.
  • Executed micro-website folder and symptom, cause, repair and retest record.
  • Authorised-reader and data-minimisation check; individual explanation of the three layers.

A02 · Interactive website for our project

  1. Build three sections with HTML, CSS, navigation and guided interaction without data submission.
  2. Test Sensor, Actuator, Controller and empty option; check labels, keyboard, narrow window and enlarged text.
  3. Copy the folder elsewhere and verify images, styles, program and relative links.
  4. Document a repaired fault, an evidenced improvement and credits for resources actually used.
  5. Submit CR2-S04_web with editable files and instructions in restricted storage; verify audience and reader role and individually explain a decision and an error.

What to submit

  • Editable three-layer website folder with explicitly identified simulated form or questionnaire.
  • Route and branch table checked from exported folder, reviewed accessibility and before/after improvement.
  • Compatible credits and permissions, tested reader access and individual explanation.

Before you submit

  • I distinguish structure, presentation and behaviour using my website.
  • I explain relative paths and matching href and id.
  • The interaction reads the current choice and handles empty input.
  • I can use controls and links by keyboard and check another window size.
  • I justify usage rights, privacy and access permissions separately.
  • I demonstrate a repair from the submitted folder.

Templates and files

Open the blank A01 or A02 template and make your own copy in Google Docs. Keep the editable file from your project platform as well.

These reusable templates help you organise your work. Follow the specific instructions and evidence list for this unit; remove fields that do not apply. The blank master is read-only. Keep your answers private and share them only as your teacher instructs.

A01 · Design the solution

  • Dossier with map, planned content and resource records.
  • Executed micro-website folder and symptom, cause, repair and retest record.
  • Authorised-reader and data-minimisation check; individual explanation of the three layers.

A02 · Interactive website for our project

  • Editable three-layer website folder with explicitly identified simulated form or questionnaire.
  • Route and branch table checked from exported folder, reviewed accessibility and before/after improvement.
  • Compatible credits and permissions, tested reader access and individual explanation.

Classroom rubrics

The classroom assessment reference is preserved below in its original Spanish. Use the checklist above to prepare your work and ask your teacher about any descriptor you need to clarify.

Consultar la rúbrica de A01

Diseño y microprueba

CYR.2.5.1 HTML, CSS y evento de interacción

Conocer la construcción de aplicaciones informáticas y web, entendiendo su funcionamiento interno, de forma segura, responsable y respetuosa.

Evidencia. Mapa, microweb con HTML CSS y selector o botón ejecutados.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9No distingue estructura, presentación y comportamiento ni explica el efecto del botón.
3–4,9La página abre, pero falta relación entre selección, evento y mensaje o no explica CSS.
5–6,9Construye una microweb y explica cómo HTML, CSS y JavaScript aportan estructura, presentación e interacción segura con datos ficticios.
7–8,9Comprueba la lectura de la selección dentro del evento y explica un resultado distinto al cambiarla.
9–10,0Justifica otra estructura o interacción para la audiencia y anticipa su efecto funcional y accesible.

CYR.2.5.2 Diagnóstico de eventos y rutas web

Conocer y resolver la variedad de problemas potencialmente presentes en el desarrollo de una aplicación web, tratando de generalizar posibles soluciones.

Evidencia. Fallo controlado en el microprototipo con causa reparación y repetición.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9No reproduce el fallo ni relaciona el síntoma con ningún archivo o instrucción.
3–4,9Prueba cambios de formato ante un fallo de ruta o evento sin comprobar su causa.
5–6,9Localiza un fallo de ruta, identificador o evento, lo corrige y repite la tarea que fallaba.
7–8,9Distingue fallo de carga de script de lectura incorrecta y comprueba una segunda ruta.
9–10,0Diseña una prueba de traslado de carpeta y aplica una pauta general para evitar rutas dependientes del equipo.

CYR.2.6.2 Compartir la web en el entorno autorizado

Acceder a servicios de intercambio y publicación de información digital aplicando criterios de seguridad y uso responsable.

Evidencia. Borrador compartido con rol lector y revisión de datos y permisos.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9Usa una publicación abierta sin justificar audiencia ni revisar datos.
3–4,9Entrega un enlace, pero no verifica lectura o permite edición innecesaria.
5–6,9Accede al servicio del centro, comparte el borrador con audiencia prevista y verifica permiso de lector y minimización de datos.
7–8,9Detecta y corrige un permiso o ruta que impedía el acceso previsto.
9–10,0Explica cómo adaptaría permisos a otra audiencia y comprueba el cambio desde ese rol.

CYR.2.6.3 Permisos de reutilización y atribuciones

Reconocer y comprender los derechos de los materiales alojados en la Internet.

Evidencia. Inventario de recursos del borrador con autor origen licencia y uso.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9Da por reutilizable cualquier contenido encontrado y no distingue recurso propio y ajeno.
3–4,9Cita enlaces, pero no comprueba permiso o confunde atribuir con autorizar.
5–6,9Identifica autor, origen y condiciones de los recursos iniciales y decide si su uso y modificación son compatibles con la web.
7–8,9Sustituye un recurso incompatible y corrige la atribución conforme a las condiciones.
9–10,0Compara dos permisos de uso y justifica cuál permite la modificación y distribución previstas.
Consultar la rúbrica de A02

Producto pruebas y mejora

CYR.2.5.1 HTML, CSS y evento de interacción

Conocer la construcción de aplicaciones informáticas y web, entendiendo su funcionamiento interno, de forma segura, responsable y respetuosa.

Evidencia. Carpeta web editable, interacción funcional y explicación de las tres capas.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9La web no permite la tarea o el evento no corresponde a la explicación aportada.
3–4,9Se ve el contenido, pero siempre responde igual o no explica cómo se actualiza el mensaje.
5–6,9Construye HTML y CSS coherentes y una interacción funcional, explica su recorrido interno y revisa privacidad y recursos.
7–8,9Corrige una incoherencia entre selección y mensaje y verifica todas las opciones y el caso vacío.
9–10,0Añade una opción justificada y demuestra que conserva funcionamiento, comprensión y acceso de teclado.

CYR.2.5.2 Diagnóstico de eventos y rutas web

Conocer y resolver la variedad de problemas potencialmente presentes en el desarrollo de una aplicación web, tratando de generalizar posibles soluciones.

Evidencia. Registro de incidencia y pruebas desde carpeta exportada.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9Persisten fallos que impiden la tarea y no se identifica causa verificable.
3–4,9Se corrige un síntoma, pero no repite la prueba ni revisa destinos relacionados.
5–6,9Reproduce y repara un fallo de navegación o lógica y verifica interacción y rutas en la carpeta de entrega.
7–8,9Comprueba casos vacío, opción nueva y destino interno y explica la regla de reparación aplicada.
9–10,0Resuelve un fallo nuevo al cambiar contexto de ejecución y generaliza la solución con una prueba reproducible.

CYR.2.6.2 Compartir la web en el entorno autorizado

Acceder a servicios de intercambio y publicación de información digital aplicando criterios de seguridad y uso responsable.

Evidencia. Entrega interna, prueba de lector y registro de revisión de privacidad.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9La web difunde datos innecesarios o su acceso no corresponde a la audiencia acordada.
3–4,9Entrega por el canal previsto, pero mantiene permisos excesivos o no verifica el acceso real.
5–6,9Comparte con el grupo autorizado, distingue ver y editar y comprueba acceso y ausencia de datos no necesarios.
7–8,9Resuelve una incidencia de acceso preservando la restricción y documenta la comprobación desde el lector.
9–10,0Adapta la distribución a otro destinatario y justifica los límites del enlace y de las copias compartidas.

CYR.2.6.3 Permisos de reutilización y atribuciones

Reconocer y comprender los derechos de los materiales alojados en la Internet.

Evidencia. Créditos completos de los recursos usados y revisión de una modificación.

BandaDesempeño observable
1–2,9Presenta recursos ajenos como propios o mantiene un uso incompatible sin reconocerlo.
3–4,9Hay créditos, pero falta permiso verificable o atribución de un recurso modificado.
5–6,9Atribuye los recursos utilizados y respeta sus condiciones de uso y modificación en la web entregada.
7–8,9Revisa un recurso modificado y explica qué obligación conserva y cómo se ha cumplido.
9–10,0Justifica una selección alternativa que permite reutilizar el proyecto y explica las condiciones al destinatario.

Videos, resources and sources

Curso HTML & CSS ( 3 / 5 ): Unidades y Estilos CSS – jonmircha

Published by: jonmircha · Open on YouTube

Watch in short sections. Connect one explanation with the diagram and try the example in this section. The written theory lets you complete the activity without playing the video.

The video keeps its original spoken language. Use the captions available in the player if they help.

Keep learning

Editorial revision: October 2026.